Bạn đang cần làm phim sản phẩm ? Bạn đang tìm hiểu Các loại ánh sáng trong quay phim sản phẩm ? Ngay cả những máy ảnh tốt nhất trên thế giới cũng không thể chụp được những bức ảnh tuyệt vời nếu không có ánh sáng tốt. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ xem cách một đoàn làm phim sử dụng ánh sáng để nâng cao chất lượng hình ảnh, tạo chiều sâu và giúp nâng cao tâm trạng và tính cách của một bộ phim. Dưới đây là các loại ánh sáng trong quay phim bạn nên biết
Ánh sáng trong quay phim là gì?
Ánh sáng là một yếu tố thiết yếu của điện ảnh vì nó tạo ra tâm trạng, bầu không khí và ý nghĩa thị giác cho khán giả. Cho dù đó là trong giai đoạn dàn dựng trong quá trình sản xuất phim hay trong quá trình xác định chuyển động của các diễn viên trong trường quay, chúng đều ảnh hưởng đến thiết kế ánh sáng và ngược lại.
Tại sao ánh sáng trong phim quan trọng?
- Ánh sáng được thiết kế để hướng sự chú ý của khán giả đến một diễn viên cụ thể, chỗ dựa hoặc một phần của cảnh.
- Ánh sáng phản ánh tâm lý nhân vật. Ánh sáng, không gian, màu sắc hoặc độ sáng xung quanh nhân vật có thể được điều chỉnh để phù hợp với tâm trạng của họ.
- Ánh sáng xác định và hỗ trợ các đặc tính của phim. Ánh sáng là chất dẫn truyền cảm xúc rõ ràng nhất. Một ví dụ về thể loại phim được biết đến với sự bố trí ánh sáng quay phim độc đáo của nó là phim nổi. Nó có tính năng ánh sáng cho phòng quay phim rõ ràng, bóng đổ cảm xúc mạnh mẽ, và các lựa chọn khung và sắp xếp độc đáo.
Các loại ánh sáng trong quay phim
-
Key lighting – nguồn sáng chính: là nguồn sáng chủ yếu của cảnh phim. Đây là nguồn sáng được thiết lập đầu tiên, có cường độ mạnh và mang tính định hướng nhất kết hợp ổn định ánh sáng quay phim.
-
Fill lighting – nguồn sáng phụ giúp chiếu và làm mịn bóng đổ được tạo ra từ nguồn sáng chính. Thường đặt phía đối diện và không mạnh bằng nguồn sáng chính.
-
Back lighting – nguồn sáng ngược được đặt sau diễn viên hoặc chủ thể, thường được bố trí cao hơn, có tác dụng tách chủ thể khỏi nền (background), giúp làm rõ hình dạng cũng như tăng chiều sâu của chủ thể.
-
Side lighting – ánh sáng bên chiếu từ phía song song với diễn viên và tập trung vào các đường nét trên khuôn mặt để tạo không khí drama với sự tương phản cao.
-
Practical lighting – nguồn sáng thực tế đến từ các nguồn có trong khung cảnh như đèn, TV hay nến. Chúng thường không đủ mạnh để làm rõ chủ thể nhưng lại tới một không khí rất điện ảnh cho khung cảnh.
-
Hard lighting – ánh sáng gắt là phong cách ánh sáng tạo ra bóng đổ có đường nét rõ ràng giúp hướng sự chú ý của người xem tới nhân vật hay một phần cụ thể trong cảnh.
-
Soft lighting – ánh sáng mịn là phong cách ánh sáng đến từ một nguồn sáng lớn hoặc tấm tản sáng, giúp cho bóng mịn hoặc thậm chí không có bóng đổ.
-
High-key là phong cách ánh sáng với ánh sáng dữ dội, tạo đường nét trên sự phơi sáng quá độ và không có bóng. Bạn sẽ thường thấy high key được sử dụng trong sitcom, MV hay video thương mại
-
Low-key là phong cách ánh sáng với nhiều bóng tối với mục đích tạo ra không khí huyền bí hay hồi hộp.
-
Quay phim với ánh sáng ngoài trời là sử dụng ánh sáng có sẵn tại địa điểm
-
Motivated lighting – chiếu sáng giả lập (tạm dịch) là một kỹ thuật kiểm soát ánh sáng với mục đích giả lập ánh sáng tự nhiên như là ánh sáng mặt trời hay mặt trăng. Ví dụ nguồn sáng chiếu cho nhân vật là trăng nhưng ánh sáng tự nhiên không đủ mạnh, lúc này kỹ thuật chiếu sáng giả lập được áp dụng.
-
Bounce lighting – ánh phản chiếu là kỹ thuật sử dụng dụng cụ để phản chiếu ánh sáng và hướng về nhân vật giúp làm mịn hoặc tản rộng ánh sáng.
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